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Dec. 4th, 2012 10:13 pm![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
moonflower77 possessive-personal forms
may have a a) predicative or an b) attributive-predicative function.
predicative usage:
agrees with the noun it modifies (which also takes the corresponding personal suffix) with regard to person and number. if the noun being modified is present in the sentence, the possessive-personal form serves as part of a compound predicate, e.g. gɨt ɨnjivinɛjgɨt takalgɛgɨt you (sg.) are the uncle's work-mate. if the noun being modified is omitted, the possessive-personal form serves as a complete predicate in its own right, e.g. gɨt ɨnjivinɛjgɨt you (sg.) are of the uncle.
attributive-predicative usage
agrees with the noun it directly modifies (which also takes the corresponding personal suffix) with regard to person and number. if the noun being directly modified is present in the sentence, the possessive-personal form serves as part of a compound attribute, which consists of several lexical components arranged in a sequence, so that one follows directly after the other. all of the components are separate words. e.g. gɨt, ɨnpɨŋɛvinɛjgɨt vinrɛtɨļɨgɨt, qɛjmɛkvi you (sg.), the old woman's assistant, come here! if the noun being directly modified is omitted, the possessive-personal form serves as an attribute of the usual kind, which stands as a separate word, e.g. gɨt, ɨnpɨŋɛvinɛjgɨt, qragtɨgɛ you (sg.) (who are) of the old woman, go home!
nouns that can have possessive-personal forms: proper (personal) names of humans, words that refer to close elder relatives, as well as interrogative, demonstrative and determinative nouns that refer to humans and the referential noun used for human beings.
formed like the regular (non-possessive) personal form - the usual personal suffixes for the 1st and 2nd persos, zero personal suffix for the 3rd person - except the personal suffixes are joined to the possessive suffix, rather than directly to the stem. compare: ɨnjivmuri we are uncles (regular possessive form) vs. ɨnjivinɛmuri we are of the uncles (possessive-personal form), ɨnjivturi you (pl.) are uncles vs. ɨnjivinɛturi you (pl.) are of the uncles.
as the personal-possessive form for the 3rd person only has the possessive suffix and no personal suffix, it is structurally identical to the regular (non-personal) possessive form. compare: mirgin the grandfather's, of the grandfather (single possession) OR he, it is the grandfather's, of the grandfather; mirginɛt the grandfather's, of the grandfather (plural possession) OR they are the grandfather's, of the grandfather.
the number of possessors is also expressed the same way as with the regular (non-personal) possessive form.
plural: suffix -rgin(ɛ) ~ -rgɛn(a)
ɨnjivɨrginɛmuri we are of the uncles, ɨnjivɨrginɛturi you (pl.) are of the uncles
singular: suffix -nin(ɛ) ~ -nɛn(a) or -in(ɛ) ~ -ɛn(a) (depending on the lexical/semantic group the noun belongs to)
Mɛvɛtɨninɛmuri we are Mevet's, ɨnpɨŋɛvinɛmuri we are of the old woman
the two parallel forms used for a plural possessor (with the compound suffixes -ninɛrginɛ or -nɛrginɛ) can both take personal suffixes:
gɨm qutɨninɛrginɛjgɨm tɨŋɛvɨjojgɨm i am the messenger of the others
ŋotqɛnɨnɛnargɛnajgɨm jichjɛmittumgigɨm i am the brother of these ones (them)
at the same time, the possessive forms for the 1st and 2nd persons can have two additional synonymous ways of referring to a plural possessor, which are not available for the 3rd person:
gɨm qutɨninɛrgigɨm qoragɨnrɛtɨļɛgɨm i am the reindeer-watchman of the others
gɨt ŋotqɛnɨnɛnargɛgɨt inɛntɨlevɨļigɨt you (sg.) are the guide of these ones (them)
gɨt qutɨnɛrgigɨt viriŋɨtkuļigɨt you (sg.) are the protector of the others
gɨm ŋotqɛnɨnargɛgɨm tɨlechjɨtkuļigɨm i am the motor-car driver of these ones (them)
turi alɨmɨ qutɨrgɨturi rɨjuļɨturi after all, you (pl.) are the shepherds of the others
muri ɨnqɛnɨrgɨmorɛ vinrɛtɨļɨmuri we are the assistants of those ones (them)
may have a a) predicative or an b) attributive-predicative function.
predicative usage:
agrees with the noun it modifies (which also takes the corresponding personal suffix) with regard to person and number. if the noun being modified is present in the sentence, the possessive-personal form serves as part of a compound predicate, e.g. gɨt ɨnjivinɛjgɨt takalgɛgɨt you (sg.) are the uncle's work-mate. if the noun being modified is omitted, the possessive-personal form serves as a complete predicate in its own right, e.g. gɨt ɨnjivinɛjgɨt you (sg.) are of the uncle.
attributive-predicative usage
agrees with the noun it directly modifies (which also takes the corresponding personal suffix) with regard to person and number. if the noun being directly modified is present in the sentence, the possessive-personal form serves as part of a compound attribute, which consists of several lexical components arranged in a sequence, so that one follows directly after the other. all of the components are separate words. e.g. gɨt, ɨnpɨŋɛvinɛjgɨt vinrɛtɨļɨgɨt, qɛjmɛkvi you (sg.), the old woman's assistant, come here! if the noun being directly modified is omitted, the possessive-personal form serves as an attribute of the usual kind, which stands as a separate word, e.g. gɨt, ɨnpɨŋɛvinɛjgɨt, qragtɨgɛ you (sg.) (who are) of the old woman, go home!
nouns that can have possessive-personal forms: proper (personal) names of humans, words that refer to close elder relatives, as well as interrogative, demonstrative and determinative nouns that refer to humans and the referential noun used for human beings.
formed like the regular (non-possessive) personal form - the usual personal suffixes for the 1st and 2nd persos, zero personal suffix for the 3rd person - except the personal suffixes are joined to the possessive suffix, rather than directly to the stem. compare: ɨnjivmuri we are uncles (regular possessive form) vs. ɨnjivinɛmuri we are of the uncles (possessive-personal form), ɨnjivturi you (pl.) are uncles vs. ɨnjivinɛturi you (pl.) are of the uncles.
as the personal-possessive form for the 3rd person only has the possessive suffix and no personal suffix, it is structurally identical to the regular (non-personal) possessive form. compare: mirgin the grandfather's, of the grandfather (single possession) OR he, it is the grandfather's, of the grandfather; mirginɛt the grandfather's, of the grandfather (plural possession) OR they are the grandfather's, of the grandfather.
the number of possessors is also expressed the same way as with the regular (non-personal) possessive form.
plural: suffix -rgin(ɛ) ~ -rgɛn(a)
ɨnjivɨrginɛmuri we are of the uncles, ɨnjivɨrginɛturi you (pl.) are of the uncles
singular: suffix -nin(ɛ) ~ -nɛn(a) or -in(ɛ) ~ -ɛn(a) (depending on the lexical/semantic group the noun belongs to)
Mɛvɛtɨninɛmuri we are Mevet's, ɨnpɨŋɛvinɛmuri we are of the old woman
the two parallel forms used for a plural possessor (with the compound suffixes -ninɛrginɛ or -nɛrginɛ) can both take personal suffixes:
gɨm qutɨninɛrginɛjgɨm tɨŋɛvɨjojgɨm i am the messenger of the others
ŋotqɛnɨnɛnargɛnajgɨm jichjɛmittumgigɨm i am the brother of these ones (them)
at the same time, the possessive forms for the 1st and 2nd persons can have two additional synonymous ways of referring to a plural possessor, which are not available for the 3rd person:
gɨm qutɨninɛrgigɨm qoragɨnrɛtɨļɛgɨm i am the reindeer-watchman of the others
gɨt ŋotqɛnɨnɛnargɛgɨt inɛntɨlevɨļigɨt you (sg.) are the guide of these ones (them)
gɨt qutɨnɛrgigɨt viriŋɨtkuļigɨt you (sg.) are the protector of the others
gɨm ŋotqɛnɨnargɛgɨm tɨlechjɨtkuļigɨm i am the motor-car driver of these ones (them)
turi alɨmɨ qutɨrgɨturi rɨjuļɨturi after all, you (pl.) are the shepherds of the others
muri ɨnqɛnɨrgɨmorɛ vinrɛtɨļɨmuri we are the assistants of those ones (them)
same division of single-possessor possessive suffixes between the lexical/semantic groups of nouns as with regular (non-personal) possessive forms:
-nin(ɛ) ~ -nɛn(a): for proper (personal) names and words that refer to close elder relatives
-in(ɛ) ~ -ɛn(a): other nominative nouns
as a rule, the possessive-personal forms for the 1st and 2nd persons are only used if the noun in question refers to a human being. other nouns are used only in a few exceptional cases where the non-human entity they refer to is being personified. then they require the same interrogative word as nouns that refer to humans; however, unlike the latter, their possessive-personal forms are not marked for the number of possessors (do not distinguish between a sg. possessor vs a pl. possessor).